![]() ![]() The association between caffeine and fetal growth restriction was stronger in women with a faster compared to a slower caffeine clearance (test for interaction, P=0.06).Ĭonclusions Caffeine consumption during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal growth restriction and this association continued throughout pregnancy. Mean caffeine consumption decreased in the first trimester and increased in the third. Results Caffeine consumption throughout pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of fetal growth restriction (odds ratios 1.2 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.6) for 100-199 mg/day, 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) for 200-299 mg/day, and 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) for >300 mg/day compared with <100 mg/day test for trend P<0.001). Main outcome measures Fetal growth restriction, as defined by customised birth weight centile, adjusted for alcohol intake and salivary cotinine concentrations. Smoking and alcohol were assessed by self reported status and by measuring salivary cotinine concentrations. Caffeine half life (proxy for clearance) was determined by measuring caffeine in saliva after a caffeine challenge. Investigations Quantification of total caffeine intake from 4 weeks before conception and throughout pregnancy was undertaken with a validated caffeine assessment tool. Participants 2635 low risk pregnant women recruited between 8-12 weeks of pregnancy. Setting Two large UK hospital maternity units. Objective To examine the association of maternal caffeine intake with fetal growth restriction.ĭesign Prospective longitudinal observational study. ![]()
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